Adaptive Immunity

Cell Cycle and Cancer

Lesson

Topic

Essential Idea and Objective(s)

IB Curriculum Connections

Activities

1	Cell Cycle Checkpoints	The timing and rate of cell division are controlled for appropriate growth, development and repair. List why the rate of cell division must be regulated. Outline how checkpoints are used to control the cell cycle.		Initial Knowledge Audit (ICI) For students For teachers Cell Cycle Checkpoints
2	Cyclins	Cyclins and kinases fluctuate in concentration and allow the cell to proceed to the next stage. Explain the role of cyclin and cyclin-CDK complexes in controlling the cell cycle. Outline the discovery of cyclins including the role of serendipity. Different cyclins are responsible for controlling stages in the cell cycle. State the role of cyclins D, E, A and B in the cell cycle. MItosis-promoting factor (MPF) stimulates mitosis during the cell cycle. MPF is cyclin A or B plus the kinase.	Cyclins are involved in the control of the cell cycle (1.6.U5). Serendipity and scientific discoveries- the discoveries of cyclins was accidental (1.6.NOS).	CDK \| Learn Science at Scitable Cyclins and CDKs reading notes Cyclins and CDKs handwritten Checkpoints and Cyclins CFU For students For teachers Discovery of cyclins Reading: Discovery of cyclins Review of cyclins
3	Cancer	Cancer can be diagnosed by calculating the mitotic index of a tissue sample. State the formula for calculation of a mitotic index. Calculate the mitotic index of a tissue as seen in a micrograph. Outline the use of mitotic index calculations in diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Cancer results from the accumulation of mutations and the development of tumors. Define primary tumor, secondary tumor, benign, malignant, metastasis and cancer. Describe how cancer arises, referring to accumulation of mutations over time. Define and list mutagens. Mutations to genes that regulate cell cycle are associated with development of cancer. Explain how mutations to proto- oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can lead to the development of cancer.	Determination of a mitotic index from a micrograph (1.6.S2). Mutagens, oncogenes and metastasis are involved in the development of primary and secondary tumors ( 1.6.U6).	Mitotic index Mitotic index cancer vs normal tissues Mitotic index in onion root tips Cell Division, Cancer reading Cancer progression notes Cyclins and Cancer notes What is cancer video clip Historical cancer treatments Scientific understanding of cancer over time (incomplete) TEDed video Cancer progression notes Cancer progression and age Cancer Check for Understanding For students For teachers Cancer and Age Correlations A&B: Henrietta’s Tumor RadioLab For students For teachers A&B: Treating Cancer with Magnetic Fields For students For teachers A&B: In Developing World, Cancer Is a Very Different Disease For students For teachers A&B: Risks and Benefits of Radiation in Medicine (1:38:00 - 1:49:40) For students For teachers A&B: How a Virus Causes Cancer from TPWKY (about 21:30 into the episode) A&B: chromosomal chaos and cancer A&B: HELA cells and Henrietta Lacks A&B: Location in the nucleus foretells chromosome anomalies Science in the Classroom: Arrested development: When cells make mistakes Does bad luck cause cancer? One RING to fool them all: Shedding light on BRCA1 mutations
4	Lung Cancer	Epidemiologists discovered a strong correlation between smoking and development of lung cancer. Explain the use of correlations to determine the relationship between two variables. Define epidemiology. Outline how epidemiological studies contributed to understanding the association between smoking and lung cancer. Describe how scientific evidence about the effects of smoking lead to a change in public perception of smoking. Lung cancer impacts the ability of the lungs to perform their function. List symptoms of lung cancer. List major causes of lung cancer.	The correlation between smoking and incidence of cancers (1.6.A1). Causes and consequences of lung cancer (6.4.A2). Epidemiological studies have contributed to our understanding of the causes of lung cancer (6.4.NOS). Scientists have a role in informing the public—scientific research has led to a change in public perception of smoking (D.6.NOS).	Changing attitudes towards smoking Lung Cancer Cause and Effect LESSON FOR D.6.NOS: Handout template for student written response Photo of the graph I put on my wall Slides of all the primary resources Student handout Example student work A&B: NYT article - smoking and cancer For students For teachers A&B: Measuring genetic damage of smoking For students For teachers A&B: Who still smokes in the US A&B: Cigarettes and DNA damage A&B: Demand Engineering to Cell Cigarettes (roughly 22:00 into episode) Science in the Classroom Does smoking make a man less of a man? Course Source: Metastatic Mystery Lesson plan Lesson slides Background assignment Action cards Cell Cards In game questions P53 mutation Post-game questions
5	Radiation and Cancer		3.4.U10: Radiation and mutagenic chemicals increase the mutation rate and can cause genetic diseases and cancer). State two factors that can increase the mutation rate. Outline the effects of gene mutations in body cells and gamete cells. 3.4.A4: Consequences of radiation after nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and an accident at Chernobyl. Outline the effects of radiation exposure after nuclear events at Hiroshima and Chernobyl.	Nuclear Accident posters A&B: Swallows of Fukushima A&B: This Podcast will kill you Ep. 53 First hand account 0:00-5:10 Vertus Wellborn Hardiman story Skin Cancer notes A&B: pigment and vitamin D Skin Cancer virtual Sunscreen lab Another sunscreen lab
6	Unit Wrap Up and Review	Not applicable	Not applicable	Kahoot review (ICTD) Quizizz Review (OCI) 1 page-summary (OCI) General directions Specifics for this unit Final Knowledge Audit (ICI) For students For teachers
7	Assessment	Not applicable	Not applicable